Visa and MasteCard Antitrust1 Essay Example For Students

Visa and MasteCard Antitrust1 Essay Duality, Monopoly and Government Failure Duality or unlawful strategic policies which one added to Visa and MasterCard achieving more than seventy-five percent of pieces of the overall industry. Who is truly to fault for Visa and MasterCard acquiring the capacity to corner the market; the administration; part banks; or Visa and MasterCard joint effort. The Department of Justice examination will deliver numerous issues to intently survey and consider. Exploring the courts transcript, discharged by the Department of Justice on the legislatures antitrust case examination; United States of America stanzas Visa International and MasterCard International Incorporated. uncovers how the administration may have been a significant supporter of Visa and MasterCard adequately acquiring market intensity of the broadly useful card systems. The legislature ought to have assessed the Worthens suit all the more intently. At the point when the Worthen Bank of Arkansas, a Visa part bank, needed to issue MasterCards universally useful cards, Visa embraced Bylaw 2.16 disallowing individuals bank from giving some other system card. Worthen sued Visa; expressing the Bylaw 2.16 abused segment 1 of the Sherman Act. The courts concurred with Worthen; expressing local law 2.16 in itself was essentially an infringement of the Sherman Act and administered judgment for Worthens benefit. Be that as it may, the Eighth Circuit court switched the choice and sent the case for retrial utilizing the standard of reason as the establishment. While anticipating trail Visa needed to force a progressively prohibitive standing rule, so they solicited the Department from Justice to survey their new proposed Business Review letter. The new strategy would not just preclude individuals from giving other universally useful cards, yet in addition restrict banks from giving card acknowledgment administration to some other card by and by in presence or card that may create later on too. The Department of Justice expressed, it could bolster the more prohibitive local law of Visa part banking just issue Visa cards, yet it was worried about the limitation of banks giving card acknowledgment administrations to dealers for the two systems. The Department of Justice accepted the local law may cripple the section of new financial cards and conceivably reduce rivalry in the business. Before the case was retried, Visas Board of Directories toppled Visas General Coun sel choice and allowed Visa part banks to issue MasterCards broadly useful cards and MasterCards Board of Directories consented to permit their part banks to give Visas universally useful cards. The legislature had no issues with Visa and MasterCard joint endeavor of permitting covering proprietorship and the double overseeing structure of the banks, that later got known as duality. Both Visa and MasterCard Board of Directors sent the Department of Justice letters expressing their business expectations; the letter expressed, when one board acts as for an issue the consequences of those activities are spread to the individuals that are individuals in the two associations. Accordingly, every one of the affiliations is a fishbowl and workplaces and board individuals know o f what the other is doing, significantly more so than in the ordinary professional workplace. One focal point to consider is, if the administration could anticipate the negative externalities that Visas Business Revi ew arrangement would have available structure, for what reason did it not predict the full ramifications that duality would have in the business? Visa and MasterCard may have at first gone into an affiliation, since they accepted duality would be the most straightforward and quickest method of settling their lawful contrasts. They had no idea of the effect their choice would have on the business and market structure. On a few events, part banks abused both area 1and 2 of the Sherman Act. In spite of the fact that there were no composed strategies or protects in set forestalling Visa and MasterCard from contending with one another, overseeing banks would frequently dismiss any executions of or decline to interests in any serious activities proposed by the different management.Officials at the most elevated level of Visa and MasterCard partnerships have openly and having sworn to tell the truth recognize co-possession and administration has essentially decreased rivalry. Visas Interna tional president and Chief Executive Officer affirmed, Visa was a superior association before duality. He likewise expressed their gatherings of banks needed to help Visa and go beat up MasterCard and the individuals who upheld MasterCard banks needed to go beat up on Visa. In any case, it was difficult for them to make a forceful stride against one another, on the grounds that some Board of Directors was an individual from the two banks and they would not permit any opposition. The President of MasterCard International and General Counsel composed a letter to the Department of Justice guaranteeing part banks saw Visa and MasterCards relationship as correlative and are disappointed when one endeavor to upgrade itself at the others cost; in this manner, making it difficult to contend in specific zones. He affirmed: It is evident that due to duality you don't see MasterCard and Visa assaulting each other in the commercial center. .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8 , .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8 .postImageUrl , .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8 , .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8:hover , .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8:visited , .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8:active { border:0!important; } .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8:active , .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8:hover { haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u69dec510 646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u69dec510646dc04a5b73bfa028aab2d8:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Fantasy's Integral Role In The Creation Of A Kille Essay The part banks shielded the activities by concentrating on the openness of broadly useful cards in the marker and rivalry between card backers; reacting that card guarantors vie for cardholders concerning loan costs, yearly cardholder expenses, installment terms and conditions. Subsequently, it isn't fundamental for Visa and MasterCard to rival each other. As time passed, Visa and MasterCard understood the focal points duality furnished them and they started working together with administering banks by embraced rules and strategies precluding part banks from working with other universally useful card systems, for example, American Express and Discover/Novus. While trying to finish in the card systems, American Express built up a solitary vendor terminal that would acknowledge and process all system universally useful cards, Visa and MasterCard abused Section 2 of the Clayton by ordering another guideline prohibiting part banks to process their cards. Be that as it may, the requests b y dealers for a solitary terminal constrained Visa and MasterCard to change this arrangement, so they permitted traders to process their cards utilizing other broadly useful card systems, yet charged shippers higher expenses for utilizing non-Visa/MasterCard organize frameworks. Despite the fact that Visa and MasterCard balanced their situation on a solitary terminal handling framework, the Department of Justice examination uncovered Visa MasterCard still stayed in charge of 85% of the market power; leaving almost no pieces of the overall industry to American Express who had just 5% and Discover/Novus with 8.5%. Visa and MasterCard instituted a few exclusionary rehearses that limited rivalry. For instance, they denied banks from during business with other broadly useful card systems; disallowed American Express and Discover/Novus access to their ATM machines for loans; and ended any part bank that gave American Express and Discover/Novus card systems. Section into the universally useful card organize advertise is a troublesome undertaking inside itself. The capacity of makers to set up new financial cards and system framework requires enormous ventures and the accomplishment in the market relies on the buyers eagerness to acknowledge and utilize the item. Visa and MasterCard further entangle matters, by actualizing hostile to serious polices that harmed rivalry, and expanded participants costs. Part banks limited basic serious activities that were created by Visa and MasterCard the executives

Sales Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Deals - Case Study Example Comparative is the situation at Shields where another chief driving a business group that is confronting issues in tolerating company’s new deals strategy (which is in accordance with that of its primary rival) that is to produce deals through huge records as opposed to a few little ones as done before. Continuation with a similar strategy of executing the new arrangement over the business group may bring about more droops in deals amount and expanded drop outs that would bring about blunder of the current records consequently further decrease in deal level. Synopsis of the Facts Shield is an Insurance organization that gives tweaked protection and hazard the executives projects to all estimate of business endeavors. Shield is an outcome arranged organization. Their principle objective is benefit expansion through expanded deals income. Following the strides of its significant rival the higher administration chose to actualize another business technique in particular First-Plu s to expand incomes by getting bigger records. Preparing of new directors done in hypothetical way through manuals in just 5 days time frame. Preparing including significantly of presenting First-Plus another arrangement for deals instead of how to deal with a business group adequately just as proficiently.

Mood Lability and Borderline Personality Disorder

Mood Lability and Borderline Personality Disorder BPD Print Mood Lability and Borderline Personality Disorder By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 26, 2019 Noel Hendrickson/DigitalVision/Getty Images More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions People with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are often described as having mood lability. Mood lability is an emotional response that is irregular or out of proportion to the situation at hand. It is associated with severe mood swings, intense reactions, and dramatic changes in opinions and feelings. Understanding the Scope of Mood Lability Mood lability is often evidenced by destructive or harmful behaviors. Those actions can include angry tantrums or screaming, destroying objects, aggression or violence towards others, and self-harm. The responses can occur seemingly out of nowhere, triggered in seconds. Mood lability is present in people with various mental illnesses, including bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and BPD. Because of how disruptive mood lability can be, it can inhibit daily life and functioning. This may include harming interpersonal relationships and careers. Symptoms of Mood Lability With BPD Many of the symptoms of BPD involve difficulties in managing or regulating emotions. This highlights the role of mood lability in BPD. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Illnesses, 5th edition â€"  the reference manual mental health professionals use â€"  BPDs criteria outlines several difficulties with emotions, including: Emotional Lability: Those with BPD experience unstable emotions and frequent mood swings. Emotions are easily triggered and are typically inappropriate or disproportionate to the circumstances.Anxiety: People with BPD may display symptoms of intense anxiety, even seeing things in a distorted light. For instance, they may think theyre going to fail or mess up even when they are well prepared. This can lead to serious paranoia and stress.Insecurity: Often, those with BPD are insecure in interpersonal relationships. They regularly assume that other people will leave them or reject them, leading to constant worrying and the need for reassurance.Impulsiveness: In response to some sort of stimulus, people with BPD often respond erratically and may engage in dangerous behaviors. This can even include self-harm when confronted with times of stress. Many people with BPD cycle between emotions rapidly. In the morning, they may be happy, full of energy, and optimistic. As the day progresses, they can become despondent, depressed, and express feelings of hopelessness. Particularly in the case of mood lability in people with BPD, the effects of the outbursts can last much longer than in other people. Thats because those with BPD tend to have heightened emotional states, to begin with. This longer-lasting effect can make managing mood lability all the more difficult. Treatment The heavy mood swings associated with mood lability and BPD can be extremely disruptive. It may keep people from being able to manage their daily routines. Routine functions can become more difficult, requiring intervention. However, BPD and mood lability can be treated. If you have BPD, its important to look for a therapist or healthcare professional who specializes in emotional regulation and personality disorders. Engaging in psychotherapy will help you learn how to manage your emotions and urges in a healthy way. From learning new coping skills to better understanding your emotional triggers, you will be prepared to handle all aspects of your mood lability. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

The Tools of Empire Essay - 717 Words

Looking back over the millennium now ending, one question in particular stands out: how did the inhabitants of Western Europe, a backwater in the year 1000AD, manage to gain economic and military dominance over much of the globe? Not so long ago, the answers to this question seemed obvious: Europeans were racially superior, and besides, God wanted them to win. As historians have shed race-driven and providential views of human history, new explanations have had to be formulated. Some of these new explanations are surprising; most of them conflict at some point with each other. Imperialism has been linked to multiple theories of the actual origins of the imperialistic Headrick uses the argument that technology made the creation of empire a†¦show more content†¦One of the most important tools in this phase was the steamer. These were ships that were equipped with a low pressure steam engine that drove a paddle wheel by converting the steam energy into kinetic energy, the energy of motion. The first steamers into India were two ships known as the Diana and the Pluto. These ships were brought in to be used as pleasure steamers for Nawab of Oudh (Hedrick 19). This ship was then commandeered by the British during their war with the Burmese in 1824. The Diana was the greatest investment the British could have acquired, it used its engines to pull sailing ships into lines and its loud cannons and fiery engines struck fear into the heart of their enemies. During this time the Select Committee on Steam Navigation to India was formed. The purpose of this committee was to recommend plans to British investors. The committee questioned three people, T homas Love Peacock, Francis Rawdon Chesney, and Macgregor Laird. The committee asked each experienced witness to share with them the fastest and most economical route to India. It was decided that the British would back both the Egyptian and Mesopotamian overland routes. The British then had another need to call on the power of the steamboat during the first Opium War in 1839. This war was started when the British kept smuggling Opium to China. The East India Company, who had had power over there for years felt, threatened when theShow MoreRelatedHan and Roman Attitudes Toward Technology Essay618 Words   |  3 PagesThe Han and Roman Empires were extremely important empires during the time of their existence. The Han Empire began around 206 BCE and ended at around 220 CE. The Roman Empire began at around 27 BCE and broke apart into two halves, the West falling in 476 and the East collapsing in 1453. The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire have different outlooks on technology, the H an Dynasty view technology as a practical application used to ease the workload of people, while the Roman Empire views certain technologyRead MoreHow Did The Technology Of Roman Empire Impact It?1741 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Roman Empire started to gain strength. They broke treaties and conquered neighboring countries. They revised battle tactics, weapons, legions, but mostly technology to emerge as an undisputed leader of the Mediterranean. The Roman Empire was eager to find new ways, new technology, to help the empire grow beyond imaginable. Arches, military weapons, and basic technology were all created by the Empire. However, the question trying to be answered is, â€Å"How did the technology of Roman Empire impact itRead MoreProctor Essay 2816 Words   |  4 Pagesthe reign of Constantine I and the establishment of the Byzantine Empire, the Eastern Christian church became a tool of the Emperors. Byzantine Emperors and Empresses played a dominant role in the Eastern church a nd used the Christian religion to strengthen the Empire internally, to spread Byzantine cultural and political influence, and at times, to fortify their own power† The development of christianity under the empire undoubtedly changed the relation between the political and spiritualRead MoreMongols Essay815 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mongolian Empire The Mongols, which were one of the greatest empires of their time, had unique traits which made them successful. They are vastly known for their military tactics, that led them to prosper. Wrapped up in a single word the Mongols were unstoppable. These remarkable people left an imprint on history to show it is possible to rise above even the harshest conditions. The Mongolian empire was successful due to their vast understanding of how to conquer an empire, dealing withRead MoreThe Han Dynasty And Roman Empire1223 Words   |  5 PagesThe Han Dynasty and Roman Empire, though worlds away, used technology as one of their building elements to create the great societies we know them as today. Through the documents provided, one can easily understand that both Roman and Han attitudes have both similar and different attitudes when it comes to the idea of technology. Although the usage of technology greatly differed between the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire, both civilizations experienced the positive and negative effects that technologyRead MoreThe Roman Empire1551 Words   |  7 PagesStep 1: Plan What kind of technology in the Roman Empire affect its growth the most? I will be investigating from the start of the Roman Empire in 753 BCE to when the Western Roman Empire fell in 476 CE. This investigation will have a broad scope while investigating and include things from the Roman Legion to aqueducts and concrete. This investigation will not include technology that was not widely used to better the Roman Empire. The research question will answer my question by conducting researchRead MoreThe Aztecs Werelocated In Mexico, Built On A Series Of1180 Words   |  5 Pagesultimate power in the land. They felt that he was appointed by the gods and had the divine right to rule.The Aztecs had no iron or bronze with which to make their tools and weapons. Therefore, the ancient Aztec people had to develop a means for creating effective tools and weapons without the benefit of these metals. For this reason, many Aztec tools were made with obsidian and chert.Invaders led by the Spanish c onquistador Hernan Cortes overthrew the Aztecs by force and captured Tenochtitlan in 1521, bringingRead MoreThe Religious Conversions of King Clovis I and Emperor Constantine I738 Words   |  3 PagesI. Constantine I was born in the year 280. During his reign as emperor of the Roman Empire, the state was falling apart. 1 He was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. He called the Council of Nicea in 325 to resolve conflicts arising between the Arian Christians and the Athansian Christians. 2 This resulted in the canonization of Athansian Christianity, to which Constantine I converted his empire. 3Clovis I was born in the year 466, he was the king of the Franks and ruled Gaul forRead MorePhotography During Colonial Afric An Indispensable Tool That Provided Justification For Colonial Rule920 Words   |  4 Pages Photography in colonial Africa provided vulnerable visual texts that trapped Africans in space and time1. This art became an indispensable tool th at provided justification for instituting colonization in Africa. During that time period, photography became a mechanism for constraining Africans and their surroundings to the idea of primitiveness, devoid of any progress towards ‘modernity’. Equally important, colonial photography, if not always, took a distanced approach in capturing AfricansRead MoreHistory Of The World. Arguement: Throughout All Of Human1642 Words   |  7 Pagesperiod, humans grouped together in small societies such as tribes, and survived by gathering plants and hunting wild animals.The Paleolithic is characterized by the use of stone tools, although at the time humans also used wood and bone tools. Humankind gradually evolved from early members of humanity, who used simple stone tools. They transformed into fully behaviorally and religious modern humans or Homo sapiens during the Paleolithic era. During the end of the Paleolithic Revolution or the Upper Paleolithic

Responses to the Doctrine of Mind-Brain Identity Essay...

Responses to the Doctrine of Mind-Brain Identity To be in pain is, for example, is to have ones c-fibres, or more likely a-fibres, firing in the central nervous system; to believe that broccoli will kill you is to have ones B(bk)-fibres firing, and so on. The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy:Chapter 5 Philosophy of Mind by William G. Lycan The theory or doctrine of mind-brain identity, as its name implies, denies the claim of dualists that mind and brain (or consciousness and matter) are distinct substances. The tradition of dualism, whose clear-cut foundations laid by Rene Descartes (1596-1650) were built upon during succeeding centuries, sharply distinguishes between the stuff of consciousness and the stuff of matter.†¦show more content†¦Scientific investigation by the rules of its own procedures is limited to the study of the physical, the spatial, the quantifiable, and thus can never come into contact with the non-physical, the mental. This is the doctrine which the mind-brain identity theory denies and seeks to refute. Its counter-claim is that mind and brain are one and the same entity, in short, that mental states are brain states. Why, then, from this perspective, has the dualist been mistaken? He may have been confused into believing that one thing is two things by the fact that it has two names. For example, while the Morning Star and the Evening Star appear by their different names to denote different things, in fact, astronomical studies reveal them to be the same (in fact, the planet Venus). Water is a different name from H20 but there is no difference at all in the physical substance which both names label. Scientific research has revealed previously hidden identities: that the temperature of a gas is the mean kinetic energy of its molecules; that light is electromagnetic radiation. In a similar way research in neuroscience is expected to show that the sound of a vacuum cleaner, a pang of hunger, the tast e of mustard are nothing more or less than the firing of certain neurons. The identity theory is not concerned to find neural correlations for mental states for brain states are everything that is meant by mental states. When I complain of a pain, then, whether or not IShow MoreRelatedThe Mind And Body Problem1443 Words   |  6 Pagesnormal human brain. Body: It is reasonable to think that the patient has the usual range of mental states because she is behaviourally indistinguishable from a normal human. Behaviours make mental states more evidentially obvious than knowing the brain state of a patient or if they have a Cartesian soul or not. Doctor 4 provides the argument that since the patient is behaviourally indistinguishable from a normal human, she has the usual range of mental states. Gilbert Ryle’s view on the mind and bodyRead MoreThe Mind-Body Problem of Physicalism1731 Words   |  7 Pagesassociated with the mind-body problem in philosophy of mind , regarding which physicalism holds that all that has been ascribed to mind is more correctly ascribed to brain or the activity of the brain. The mind-body problem is the problem of explaining how our mental states, events and processes—like beliefs, actions and thinking—are related to the physical states, events and processes in our bodies. A long tradition in philosophy has held, with Renà © Descartes, that the mind must be a non-bodilyRead MoreThe Existence Of The Mind And The Brain Essay1703 Words   |  7 PagesThey Identity theory is a creation from the main philosophical branch â€Å"Materialism† established as a response to de velopment of psychology and its correlation to the physical sciences in the mid-20th century. The doctrine essentially proposes that types (or kinds, or classes) of mental states (M) are identical with types (or kinds, or classes) of physical states (P) such that M=P. Advocates of this theory propose that this assertion is a dependent element in regards to the nature of the mind andRead MoreEssay on Consciousness As Determined Th1030 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosopher John Locke as quot;the perception of what passes in a man’s own mindquot;.1 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Consciousness is defined and perceived differently in many psychological view points. For instance the earlier views around the 19th century was diversely considered. Most perceived consciousness as a substance or quot;mental stuffquot; unlike an object from the physical world. Others deferred that the conscious mind was what separated man from lower forms of life. It is an attributeRead More Fodors Functionalism Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesFodor begins his article on the mind-body problem with a review of the current theories of dualism and materialism. According to dualism, the mind and body are two separate entities with the body being physical and the mind being nonphysical. If this is the case, though, then there can be no interaction between the two. The mind could not influence anything physical without violating the laws of physics. The materialist theory, on the other hand, states that the mind is not distinct from the physicalRead MoreThe Philos ophy Of Human Nature1534 Words   |  7 Pageshuman identity. In Eastern culture, people gravitated towards more positive outlooks on the true disposition of the hominid species. Esteemed for his exercise of nonviolent resistance, Indian leader and activist, Mahatma Gandhi famously stated â€Å"Man s nature is not essentially evil. Brute nature has been known to yield to the influence of love. You must never despair of human nature.† In Chinese culture, too, humans had long been considered to be essentially good, under the idealistic doctrines of ConfuciusRead MoreLife after Death, Reincarnation, Resurrection and Immortality of the Soul1735 Words   |  7 Pages claim to be someone else reborn and to remember the previous life. Let us consider some of the most serious objections that are raised against reincarnation. The first has to do with the equivocal nature of the evidence for the doctrine. Such phenomena as instincts, child prodigies, love at first sight, and dà ©jà   vu are sometimes said to be evidence for reincarnation, but they have little probative value, since it is quite possible to give convincing explanations of these Read MoreThe Effects Of Administering Advantages Of Medications1682 Words   |  7 Pagesexperimentation on animals, the results of medication given is likely to produce the same effects in human as in animals. Moreover, the experimentations are normally conducted in animals with abnormal production of the animal body part such as the brain, kidney, heart and other organs. Medications can also be administered subcutaneously, these medications in human are given underneath the skin. For example, when humans are being tested for tuberculosis, they are given an injection slightly underneathRead MoreTraumatic Effects And Responses Of The United States2866 Words   |  12 PagesTraumatic Effects and Responses Abstract There have been growing cases of traumatic effects and responses in the United States. While most agree that this increasing incident deserves concrete attention, consensus dissolves around how to handle the difficulties of handling traumatic effects and responses. This research paper will discuss the traumatic effects and responses with its related difficulties and treatment options with the inclusion of biblical concepts and principles. From a medical perspectiveRead MoreAggression Is a Basic Instinct in Animal While Its a Learned Behaviour in Human Being1757 Words   |  8 Pagesinherent inclination of a living organism toward a particular complex behavior. The simplest example of an instinctive behavior is a fixed action pattern, in which a very short to medium length sequence of actions, without variation, are carried out in response to a clearly defined stimulus. An instinctive behavior of shaking water from wet fur. A baby leatherback turtle makes its way to the open ocean Any behavior is instinctive if it is performed without being based upon prior experience (that

Themes in the Crucible Free Essays

Jacob Fallin Mrs. James English III 22 November 2010 Themes in The Crucible In my essay I’m going to be talking about the themes in The Crucible. â€Å"Saving your image is not worth the lives of innocent people. We will write a custom essay sample on Themes in the Crucible or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Danforth did not want to postpone the hanging because he doesn’t want to look weak in Salem. So to look powerful he showed no mercy, didn’t not postpone the hangings, and so people with respect him in all ways. â€Å"Lies may be truth, and truth may be lies. † Said by John Proctor, innocent persons knew the truth while Abigail said that they were working with the devil.So who is going to believe who? That is what happens danforth does not believe the innocent, but the liers. â€Å"It’s better to fail with honor than succeed as a fraud. † John Proctor died knowing the truth while Abigail ran away from the innocent lives that she took from good people and she did that with her life of lies, and gets away from everything that happened to all the innocent people that died for telling the truth and not doing witchcraft but was accused for it and then was hanged if did not confess.Jacob2 â€Å"When good men do nothing, evil can triumph. † If people in Salem said that Abigail and the other girls were lying they could have had a chance for the innocent to live. But only one person stood up for himself and the innocent [John Proctor] and he was hanged for not confessing to witchcraft which he was innocent but since he said â€Å"I am not with god. † â€Å"A lie told often enough becomes the truth. †Abigail and all the other girls, which said the same thing over and over again that was â€Å"so and so used witchcraft† and Judge Danforth believed Abigail and all the other girls which caused several death of innocent people like Corey Giles who was pressed to death they did that cause, so it soon became the truth to the court. Whoever was accused was going to get hanged unless the confessed and there were a few that did confess, and will be remembered by being known for doing witchcraft but the ones that didn’t confess were hanged, the last two people that hanged and did not confess was Rebecca Nurse ,and John Proctor. One error can lead up to many errors. † It all started because of Abigail and John’s relationship, that’s when the witch trials and hangings occurred. All of this could have not started if John had not had the affair with Abigail and gave her hope that they would one day be together and she still though that john and her would soon be together because his wife was accused. How to cite Themes in the Crucible, Papers

Review of Literature on Training and Development free essay sample

Three major approaches to training evaluation: quality ascription, quality assessment and quality control are highlighted. In order to enhance the effectiveness of training, evaluation should be integrated with organizational life. (Phillip C. Wright, 1992): Reports on a study of current and past training literature which suggests that, to be effective and to isolate both training needs and those problems having other, non-trainable solutions, training must be preceded by a needs analysis. Proposes a needs assessment model to illustrate an optimum needs assessment process, and compares this model with the Ontario Governments. Farhad Analoui 1995): Traditionally, the effectiveness of the senior officials within the public sector has been disproportionately associated with task instead of people-related skills. A study of 74 senior managers within Indian Railways, over three years, has revealed that managers, in order to become effective, not only require task and people skills but als o self-development knowledge and skills. Moreover, the above broad categories of managerial skills form a hierarchy which suggests that the more senior positions which managers occupy, the greater the need for people and self-development. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Literature on Training and Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Explores the implications of the above for senior management training and development in public sector briefly. (Joe Perdue, Jack D. Ninemeier, Robert H. Woods, 2002): Describes a study undertaken to assess how private club managers perceive the relative effectiveness of alternative training methods to attain specific types of training objectives. Data were obtained from 123 club managers who were members of the Club Managers Association of America. Participants rated the effectiveness of 16 alternate training methods for potential use in six different types of training situations. Training methods studied included case study, video-tape, lecture, one-to-one, role play, games, computer simulations, paper and pencil, audiotapes, self-assessment, movies/films, multi-media, audio, computer and video conferencing and sensitivity training. Training objectives studied were knowledge acquisition, changing attitudes, problem solving, interpersonal skill development, participant acceptance and knowledge retention. Analysis of data indicated that one-to-one training is the preferred method to attain all objectives except interpersonal skill development. (Diarmuid De Faoite, Colette Henry, 2002): Discusses the importance of proving the effectiveness of training. Effectiveness is the primary motive for training. Describes ways to evaluate training’s effectiveness, behavior changes on the job being the most important. Defines an approach whereby individuals can see how they have changed and quantify the amount of change. (Diarmuid De Faoite, Colette Henry, Kate Johnston, Peter van der Sijde, 2003): A growing body of academic research has examined the effectiveness of entrepreneurship training and support initiatives, with recent studies focusing on the provision of training and other skills development opportunities. An important theme that has emerged from this work is the failure of many programmes and initiatives to take on board the particular needs of the entrepreneurs in developing training and support systems. (Kate Johnston, Peter van der Sijde, 2003): Successfully measuring effectiveness in management training and development can be a difficult task. Design of a valid measurement programmed should include evaluation in key areas; including emotional reaction and knowledge gain measured after training interventions. Behavioral change and organizational impact measurements should be used on a longer time horizon o evaluate the progress and currency of the management development programme. Finally, research shows that maintaining a balance of the above measurements is the final key to success in measuring the effectiveness of management training and development. (Gary D. Geroy, 2004): A common approach towards enhancing managerial effectiveness is to focus attention on improving the knowled ge and skill of the manager, (Ogundeji, 2004) the gap between evaluation theory and practice is a serious problem for training in industry and business[1]. A recent literature review of the summative evaluation on training noted: (Clinton O. Longenecker, Laurence S. Fink, 2005): Effective management training and consequences of ineffective training programs. Design/methodology/approach – Seasoned managers (278) working in rapidly changing organizations were surveyed on issues related to management training. Findings – Content analyses revealed a number of specific benefits associated with management training. Conversely, managers identified a series of problems caused by ineffective management training. (Ching-Yaw Chen, Phyra Sok, Keomony Sok, 2007): Purpose – A previous study found that the quality of education in Cambodia is poor compared to other developing countries. However, the working performance of commercial banks in Cambodia is high. It was speculated that effective training was the main factor underlying this contradiction. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to explore the elements of training conducted by commercial banks in Cambodia and to examine their relationship with training effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach – The research focuses on six factors: training needs assessment; training program; flexibility of training; self-efficacy; social support; and transfer of knowledge. The data came in the form of questionnaires and desk research.

Timeline from 1890 to 1900 - Significant Events

Timeline from 1890 to 1900 - Significant Events Decade By Decade: Timelines of the 1800s 1890 July 2, 1890: The Sherman Anti-Trust Act became law in the United States.July 13, 1890: John C. Frà ©mont, American explorer and political figure, died in New York City at the age of 77.July 29, 1890: Artist Vincent Van Gogh died in France at the age of 37 after shooting himself two days earlier.October 1, 1890: At the urging of John Muir, The U.S. Congress designated Yosemite a National Park. Carleton E. Watkins/Getty Images December 15, 1890: Sitting Bull, legendary Sioux leader, died at the age of 59 in South Dakota. He was killed while being arrested in the federal governments crackdown on the Ghost Dance movement.December 29, 1890: The Wounded Knee Massacre took place in South Dakota when U.S. Cavalry troopers fired on Lakota Sioux who had gathered. The killing of hundreds of unarmed men, women, and children essentially marked the end of Native American resistance to white rule in the West. 1891 February 14, 1891: William Tecumseh Sherman, Civil War general, died in New York City at the age of 71.March 17, 1891: The St. Patricks Day parade in New York City began using the traditional route up Fifth Avenue.April 7, 1891: American showman Phineas T. Barnum died in Bridgeport, Connecticut at the age of 80.May 5, 1891: Carnegie Hall opened in New York City. Gabriel Hackett/Archive Photos/Getty Images June 25, 1891: The character Sherlock Holmes, created by Arthur Conan Doyle, appeared in The Strand magazine for the first time.September 28, 1891: Herman Melville, author of Moby Dick, died in New York City at the age of 72. At the time of his death he was not well remember for his classic novel about whaling, but more for earlier books set in the South Seas.October 6, 1891: Irish political figure Charles Stewart Parnell died in Ireland at the age of 45.December 4, 1891: One of the richest men in America, financier Russell Sage, was nearly blown to bits in a bizarre dynamite attack in his Manhattan office. 1892 March 26, 1892: American poet Walt Whitman died in Camden, New Jersey at the age of 72.May 28, 1892: Writer and naturalist John Muir founded the Sierra Club. Muirs campaigning for conservation would exert an influence on American life in the 20th century.July 6, 1892: The Homestead Steel Strike in western Pennsylvania turned into a ferocious day-long battle between Pinkerton men and townspeople.August 4, 1892: Andrew Borden and his wife were murdered in Fall River, Massachusetts and his daughter Lizzie Borden was accused of the gruesome crime.November 8, 1892: Grover Cleveland won the U.S. presidential election, becoming the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms. Oscar White/Corbis/VCG/Getty Images   1893 January 17, 1893: Rutherford B. Hayes, who became president following the disputed election of 1876, died in Ohio at the age of 70.February 1893: Thomas A. Edison finished building his first motion picture studio.March 4, 1893: Grover Cleveland was inaugurated as president of the United States for the second time.May 1, 1893: The 1893 Worlds Fair, known as the Columbian Exposition, opened in Chicago.   Frances Benjamin Johnston/Library of Congress/Getty Images May 1893: A decline in the New York stock market triggered the Panic of 1893, which led to an economic depression second only to the Great Depression of the 1930s.June 20, 1893: Lizzie Borden was acquitted of murder.December 1893: The British public was outraged when Arthur Conan Doyle published a story in which Sherlock Holmes apparently died. 1894   Getty Images March 25, 1894: Coxeys Army, a march to protest unemployment that was largely the result of the Panic of 1893, departed from Ohio on its way to Washington, D.C.April 30, 1894: Coxeys Army reached Washington, D.C. and its leaders were arrested the next day. The demands of Jacob Coxey, which focused on great government intervention in the economy, would eventually move into the mainstream.May 1894: The Pullman Strike began, and spread throughout the summer before being put down by federal troops.June 22, 1894: Pierre de Coubertin organized a meeting which led to the creation of the International Olympic Committee.September 1894: The U.S. Congress designated the first Monday of September as a legal holiday, Labor Day, to mark the contributions of labor, in part as a peace offering to the labor movement following the crackdown on the Pullman Strike. 1895 February 20, 1895: Abolitionist author Frederick Douglass died in Washington, D.C. at the age of 77.May 6, 1895: Future president  Theodore Roosevelt became president of the New York City police board, effectively becoming the police commissioner. His efforts to reform the police department became legendary and heightened his public profile.December 1895: President Grover Cleveland arranged for a White House Christmas tree lit with Edison electric bulbs.Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, arranged in his will for his estate to fund the Nobel Prize. Bettmann/Getty Images 1896 January 15, 1896: Photographer Mathew Brady died in New York City.April 1896: The first modern Olympic games, the idea of Pierre de Coubertin, are held in Athens, Greece.   Historica Graphica Collection/Heritage Images/Getty Images May 18, 1896: The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that the separate but equal principle of Jim Crow laws in the segregated American South is legal.July 1, 1896: Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of Uncle Toms Cabin, died in Hartford, Connecticut at the age of 85.November 3, 1896: William McKinley was elected president of the United States, defeating William Jennings Bryan.December 10, 1896: Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite and benefactor of the Nobel Prize, died in Italy at the age of 63. 1897 March 4, 1897: William McKinley was inaugurated as president of the United States.July 1897: The Klondike Gold Rush began in Alaska.   LaRoche/Library of Congress/Getty Images 1898 February 15, 1898: The American battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded in the harbor at Havana, Cuba, a mysterious event that will lead to the United States going to war with Spain.April 25, 1898: The United States declared war on Spain.May 1, 1898: At the Battle of Manila Bay, an American fleet in the Philippines defeated a Spanish naval force.May 19, 1898: William Ewart Gladstone, former prime minister of Britain, died in Wales at the age of 88.July 1, 1898: At the Battle of San Juan Hill, Col. Theodore Roosevelt and his Rough Riders charged Spanish positions.   CORBIS/Historical/Getty Images July 30, 1898: German statesman Otto von Bismarck died at the age of 88. 1899 July 1899: Newsboys in New York City went on strike for several weeks in a significant action related to child labor.July 18, 1899: Writer Horatio Alger died in Massachusetts at the age of 67. Decade By Decade: 1800-1810 | 1810-1820 | 1820-1830 | 1830-1840 | 1840-1850 | 1850-1860 | 1860-1870 | 1870-1880 | 1880-1890 | The Civil War Year By Year

Avoiding Stereotypes in Writing

Avoiding Stereotypes in Writing Avoiding Stereotypes in Writing Avoiding Stereotypes in Writing By Catherine Osborn It is easy to fall into the trap of using language that can be construed as racist or sexist. Here are a few tips to stay away from this type of writing. Avoid sexist language. When you know your audience varies, stay away from words that are gender specific. Use â€Å"their† instead of â€Å"his† or â€Å"anyone† instead of â€Å"a man†. You’d be surprised how many people take these sorts of things the wrong way. Avoid ethnic and racial stereotypes. You can be accurate without being biased. For example, it could be considered impolite to say Oriental; you should say Asian or better yet, the specific country such as Japanese, Korean, etc†¦. Be careful not to let religious stereotypes creep into your writing. Such as referring to a banker as Jewish, of course. This is too biased. Biases against age and sexual orientation are also frowned upon. In all these cases, it is best to well, use your best judgment. Avoid political bias and stereotypes in case you want your audienceTo read your content under a neutral point of view. This is especially important in business writing contexts. Research your facts and dont include statements you believe to be true just because the majority of people also believe so. Remember that people in different regions or countries might have a different understanding regarding what is considered sexiest or racist. When in doubt, scratch that. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:8 Proofreading Tips And TechniquesHow Verbs Become Adjectives

Annotated Bibliography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Annotated Bibliography - Research Paper Example In the article, the author sees organizations as agent of culture in the global domain. For this reason, this article provides a first-hand understanding of culture and how managers can adapt their expansions strategies to benefit from rational global culture. Notably, this article can equip managers of organization with the necessary understanding of cultural rationalization of the global business environment. Borges, L., & Tian, K. (2011). Cross-cultural issues in marketing communications: An anthropological perspective of international business. International Journal of China Marketing, 2(1): 110-121. In this article, two college professors discuss the role of culture and its impact on communication in global business. Borges and Tian (2011) reveal that many global cultures are focused on retaining their culture rather than accepting new culture. The article further explains why this tendency can impose extra challenge on business expanding in the global front. Indeed, this explai ns why many organizations must understand how culture affects their communication process in order to tailor their messages to suit the needs of the local communities. Most importantly, the article describes how cultural values affect communication and the necessity of business to learn cultural values of foreign cultures. Boyer, M. A., & Lavalee, T. M. (2006). Globalization and local governance: Implications from Wal-Mart’s expansion. International Studies Perspectives, 7: 254–266. The article makes use of Wal-Mart to illustrate the effect of culture on expansion of business in new business environment. Boyer and Lavalee (2006) reveal that business which expands to global market often faces local forces that are not willing to trade their local culture. In this journal article, the authors emphasize that understanding the local culture is paramount in business expansion. Written by renowned university scholars, the article serves as an example to managers on how they can face local culture and prevent failure of business as they expand to new global frontiers. This suitable article can galvanize the ability of managers to succeed in global markets. Deleersnyder, B., Dekimpe, M. G., Steenkamp, E.M., & Leeflang, P. S. H. (2009). The role of national culture in advertising’s sensitivity to business cycles: An investigation across continents. Journal of Marketing Research, 21: 623–636. In this journal article, the author discusses the intricate relationship between advertising and culture. The authors posit that national culture can affect advertising and multination businesses must be aware of these cultural variations to adapt their advertising strategies. The article overemphasize that decisions to set advertising can affect the success of business expanding into new global markets and business must understand how culture shapes their advertising. Written with a focus on managers and their role in advertisements, this article offers new insight on advertising in the global market. Garvin, D. A. (2004). What every CEO should know about creating new businesses. Harvard Business Review, 82(7/8), 18-21. In this article, Garvin (2004) illuminates several reasons that limit the creation of business and culture is one of them. In particular, the article faults the lack of cultural awareness as one of the proxy for business

Japan Profile Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Japan Profile - Assignment Example The country lacks natural resources and arable lands. The population of Japan is 127.4 million people (CountryWatch, 2009). Tokyo is the capital of Japan. The main religions practiced in Japan are Buddhism and Shinto. The official language of the nation is Japanese, but English is taught in all secondary schools for business purposes (CountryGrams, 2009). Japan’s weather goes through the four seasons. In the northern region, winters can be cold, while the southern parts of tropical weather prevail. The climate is mostly hot and humid. The time difference between Melbourne, Florida, and Tokyo, Japan is 13 hours. The monetary unit utilized in Japan is the Yen. The conversion rate in the foreign exchange markets of the dollar to yen is 1: 93.62 (Xe, 2009). The address of the U.S. Embassy in Japan is 1-10-5 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Toyko 107-8420 Japan, and the phone number are 03-3224-5000 (Usembassy, 2009). Japan’s society is a group-oriented society. The family is the foundation of Japanese society. Employees are very loyal in Japan and people that hold power are respected. Whenever a person receives a favor or gift, they feel obligated to return the favor. Businessmen wear suits and ties in public, while women wear dresses and slacks. In Japan, the traditional greeting is a bow, but when greeting foreigners handshakes is the norm. Women are visualized as inferior to men in the workplace. Yawning in public is seen as impolite. Japanese people are very punctual and offended when people are late for appointments. The Japanese diet consists of rice, fresh vegetables, seafood, fruit, and small portions of meat most of which are seasoned with soy sauce or sweet sake (CultureGrams, 2009). Other popular meals include sushi, miso, and sashimi. The most popular sport in Japan is baseball. Other popular sporting activities are soccer, volleyball, and jogging. Men are raised to become the head of the family.

Disability as Power in the Works of Mary Duffy, Frida Kahlo, and Vassar

What do you do without either of your arms? What do you do for a living constrained to a wheelchair? What do you do without control over your own body? Many people in the world today spend their lives wishing things were not as they were, attempting to forget how they are, or trying to change how they are going to be. When "disabled" people succeed, it is commonly thought that those individuals are amazing for overcoming their disabilities and thriving in life. Is this really what they are doing? The following three women, Mary Duffy, Frieda Kahlo, and Vassar Miller transform their disabilities into the ability to create complex forms of art that force the audience to gain a different perspective on disabilities. Their disabilities become their power. The artists use this power to force their audiences to look at their disabilities in an utterly new way using the "stare and tell" method. These women do not succeed despite their disabilities, but instead succeed because of them . The "stare and tell" is a term that Rosemarie Garland Thomson, a disability studies scholar and writer, has created to explain a method in performance art that forces the audience to look at disabilities in an entirely new light. She states "As a fusion of both seeing and telling, disability performance art foregrounds the body as an object both to be viewed and to be explained." The artist first beckons the audiences to break the social "normative" and forces the audience to stare at the artist?s disability. Once the attention of the audience is solely on the artist and his or her disability, the method then takes on the "tell" aspect and enables the audience to become aware of what exactly the artist has to say in his or her own words. Mary Duff... ...ly amazing affects she had on her audience. Although she died in 1998 at the age of seventy-four, her poetry is still gaining fame and affecting people across the United States. Often, many people do not know of such individuals. If one has heard of them is it most likely in the category of amazing individuals who are able to overcome life?s most challenging obstacles and succeed in ways never imagined. This is just not so. These women do not succeed in spite of their disabilities, but instead succeed because of them. Mary Duffy, Vassar Miller, and Freida Kahlo have all forced their audiences to visually give attention to their disability and thus have challenged societies stereotypical assumptions, whether on stage, in writing, or on a canvas. Their endeavors are summarized in the words of Frieda Kahlo, "Feet, what do I need them for, if I have wings to fly?"

Calls for Change in High School Mathematics Essay

Mathematic educators, parents and students are calling for proper changes in approaches to learning mathematics in high schools. The need to improve learning of mathematics in schools is highly recognized and underlined. Thus, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics published the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics that offered recommendations for high school mathematics reform. In addition, the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences in their official report ‘The Mathematical Sciences Curriculum K–12: What Is Still Fundamental and What Is Not’ stresses the importance of new topics and techniques in the secondary schools. New approaches should develop new learning techniques that would be discrete from statistics, mathematics, and emphasis on algebra and geometry should be properly re-assessed according to different abilities and needs of students who are taking mathematics course in the secondary school and high school respectively. The need for change and innovation is generally driven by emergence of advanced computing technologies that offers excellent opportunities for school educators to replace manipulative traditional techniques with more complex realistic problem-solving techniques. In its turn, the National Science Board Commission issued a report ‘Educating Americans for the 21st Century’ challenging courses in algebra and pre-calculus and stressing the importance of developing integrated mathematical sciences curriculum in the secondary school. Researchers argue that new curriculum will positively affect students’ achievement outcomes in the secondary and high schools. To make changes more effective teachers are required to understand the advantage of curriculum’s full scope and its consequences; students are required to support the expectations of classroom environment. The Core-Plus Mathematic Project is newly developed curriculum for high school mathematics. Of course, the Core-Plus Mathematic Project or CPMP curriculum is a matter of debates and controversies as not everyone admits the need of high school mathematics reforms. Nonetheless, the CPMP curriculum is worked out with assistance of mathematics education researchers, instructional specialists and classroom teachers. Moreover, the curriculum is shaped by empirical evidence gathered from students and teachers who are willing to participate in field testing. In particular, organization of mathematics curriculum should be interpreted in terms of teaching and assessment recommendations and should follow the standards set in the above-mentioned reports. New mathematics curriculum is a three-year mathematics course for high-school students who are allowed to take the fourth year to prepare for college mathematics. Newly designed curriculum differs from more traditional approaches as new curriculum encourages students’ understanding of mathematics – statistics, probability, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and discrete mathematics. Learning mathematics is developed in focused units that combine fundamental ideas with mathematical habits of mind. It means that new curriculum stresses the need to connect function, data analysis and symmetry with recursive and visual thinking. In contrast to traditional approaches to mathematics, new curriculum emphasizes the role of mathematical modeling and problem-solving instead of simple calculus. Researchers say the primary goal of curriculum improvement is to enhance students’ understanding and comprehension of key mathematical processes and concepts, to enhance student’s ability to use mathematical concepts in real-world problem-solving. Graphic calculators should enhance students’ understanding and abilities to solve authentic problems. Improved instructional materials encourage active teaching and learning processes that will primarily focus on problem situations, abstraction and analysis. Oral and written communication, reasoning with ability to represent, and conceptual understanding are highly appreciated and encouraged. All courses centre on mathematical reasoning and thinking with abilities to develop formal proof. Additional fourth year course will allow to keep students, who prepare for college mathematics, despite whether their undergraduate program is based on calculus. Students interested in mathematics are encouraged to be accelerated into the fourth course year. Today, many researches are focus on identifying whether new curriculum meets its specific goals. In particular, they try to reveal whether the learning outcomes based on new patterns of mathematics learning process differ from outcomes based on more traditional curriculum. During the past eight years researchers conducted various studies to examine mathematical achievement in classroom with CPMP curricula. Research studies have revealed that performance of CPMP students is much better than that of students with traditional interpretation of mathematical representation. It means that problem-solving and recursive thinking appear to be more effective in learning mathematics than simple understanding of key concepts of processes. Further, CPMP students are characterized by higher grade results at the end of the years than students with traditional approach to mathematics. Summing up, recent researches have indicated that CPMP students perform better than students with traditional curriculum. CPMP students are characterized by better abilities to interpret mathematical representation and calculation, to measure conceptual understanding and to recognize the importance of problem-solving. CPMP students are better in probability and statistics, algebraic manipulative skills, etc. Nonetheless, researchers argue that student’s success in college mathematics doesn’t fully depend on CPMP curriculum. Other factors, as, for example, student’s attentiveness, readiness to participate in learning process, self-awareness, classroom environment, play their important role in student’s high school mathematics performance. With guidance from educators, researchers and teachers, curriculum developers will be able to build on stronger patters of student outcomes. References Schoen, H. L. , & Hirsch, Ch. R. (2003). Responding to Calls for Change in High School Mathematics: Implications for Collegiate Mathematics. The Mathematical Association of America Monthly, February, pp. 109-123. Available on-line from http://www. jstor. org/stable/3647770 .

Pope John Paul II His Influence on the World Essay

Pope John Paul II: Influence on the World Pope John Paul was one of the most influential persons of the 21st century. He changed the way the Catholic Church looked at the world and vice versa. Unlike most other predecessors, he stressed on dialogue and understanding among the people of the world. He sought to bring the people of the world together through the message of both love and peace. The role he played in destroying communism and bringing dictatorship around the world to an end gained wide media coverage. His dialogue between different faiths was admirable. During his papacy that stretched from 1978 to his death in 2005, he had a positive impact on the Catholic scene in particular and the world in general. The Pope helped in†¦show more content†¦As reported in the Washington Post by Applebaum, when the Pope visited Poland in 1979, he told them not to be afraid. Unlike what the regime thought, there was a sea of humanity waiting to greet the Pope. Hence this model could be demonstrated in other communist countries like East Germany and East Germany (‘How the Pope Defeated Communism). Pope John Paul reached out to other faiths to foster a spirit of unity among religions. For instance, he went to a mosque, spoke to Muslims and advocated full rights for all groups in Islamic countries. The high point of his papacy was when he called Judaism the elder brother of Christianity. It was the Pope’s belief in prayer that led to the 1986 World Day of Prayer for Peace in Assisi, Italy. Leaders from various religions like Buddhism, Shintoism, Zoroastrianism, Native American groups, to name a few, gathered to pray along with Christians from all denominations of Christianity like the Catholics, the Protestants, and the Orthodox for world peace. Islamic extremists attacked the US in 2011 in the name of Islam. The Pope called for another meeting where he declared ‘Terrorism never again’. All the leaders jointly condemned religious violence at this meeting. The Pope showed the common strand running in the three Semitic religions viz. Judaism, Christianity and Islam. InShow MoreRelatedBiography Of Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli s Influence On The Contribution Of Significant People Or Schools Of Thought1334 Words   |  6 Pageswas sent to a seminary to study since his parents were to poor to afford to send him to a school. While studying at the seminary his interest for Christianity grew. He then studied in Rome having earned a scholarship. Roncallli was ordained not long after in 1904. This was the start of his social justice work which grew stronger when he was servicing the Italian army during WWI. In 1958 he became the Catholic Pope and was known as Pope John XXIII. During his papacy he made some significant changes Read MoreThe Significance of the Pope625 Words   |  3 Pagesmore lasting or have exerted more influence on the course of history than that of the papacy. As the recognized successor to St. Peter, who was ordained by Jesus Christ as the bishop of Rome and the leader of the universal church, the pope represents the spiritual authority of Christendom and stands as a symbol of union within the Catholic Church. The continual succession, from as early as 32 AD until present day, has seen a total of 265 popes (The List of Popes) hold the title of Vicar of ChristRead More Pope John Paul IIs Influence on the Fall of Communism Essay1976 Words   |  8 PagesTHESIS STATEMENT Both the words and actions of Pope John Paul II were crucial to the downfall of communism in Germany as well as his native Poland. PURPOSE STATEMENT This paper will discuss Pope John Paul II’s role in the fall of communism in Germany and his native Poland through in depth research and an analysis of biographical research. INTRODUCTION Even as a child, people knew that Karol Wojtyla was destined for greatness. Even his mother bragged to all her neighbors that her newbornRead MoreLong Lost Family1633 Words   |  7 Pagestake time and effort on both sides. The analogy of disconnected family members is used frequently in the discussion of the centuries long rift between Catholics and Jews. It is apt. For, in the 50 years since the promulgation of Nostra Aetate by Pope Paul VI, Catholics and Jews have come far in healing 2,000 years of miscommunication, false pride, inaccurate understanding, failure to witness, and lost opportunities for unity. Throughout the selected readings that are the basis of this paper, it isRead MoreThe Relationship Between Morality and Religion in the Dalai Lama and John Pope Ii Perspective1609 Words   |  7 PagesMorality and Religion In the Dalai Lama and John Pope II Perspective The complexities on the issue of the relationship between religion and morality is intriguing in the sense that there is no right or wrong answer, but merely your own intrinsic belief. The 14th Dalai Lama, spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists, believes that you cant have religion without morals, but you can have morals without religion. This seems to contrast with the view of John Paul II, in the sense that he passionately believesRead MoreThe Vaticans View on the Israeli-Palestinain Conflict4506 Words   |  19 Pagesapproaches that various popes from Pius X to John Paul II used to the handle the Palestinian question. This paper will explore the following questions and offer answers to them. What stance did Pope John Paul II take to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict prior to becoming pope in 1979? What stance did he take on the issue after he succeeded Pope John Paul I? And, finally what was his attitude in the latter stage of his papacy which ended with his death in April 2005? John Paul II’s Attitude TowardsRead More The Fruitless Pursuit of The Dalai Lama and Pope John Paul II4925 Words   |  20 PagesThe Fruitless Pursuit of The Dalai Lama and Pope John Paul II I. Introduction: â€Å"Glinting orange through the green creepers, the Kombi familys mud-hut is barely visible now. Alphonse Kombi was murdered by militiamen in February. His wife, Bimosa, watched them eat his heart before they raped her, neighbours say. The trauma drove her insane. Two of the Kombis four children had already died of malnutrition. Then, a fortnight ago, a distant relative came to collect the two survivors - an emaciatedRead MoreReformation of the Church864 Words   |  3 PagesJesus was founded by Ignatius Loyola, once an officer in the army of Navarre. Although initially quite focused on his military career, this was cut short in 1521 at the siege of Pamplona. Ignatius had become inflicted with injuries and it was during this time that his interest in the lives of saints and Christ had sprouted, reading books about these subjects to while away his time. His readings prompted Ignatius to set out on a pilgrimage to Manresa, where he eventually embraced a new religious techniqueRead MoreHow the Roman Catholic Church Has Changde History2060 Words   |  8 Pagesthe world but many. The whole world went through drastic changes in the twentieth century such as the economic downfalls, destruction of governments, and failure of political systems. Through the economic and spiritual support of many different Catholic charities, such as The Knights of Columbus, the Catholic Church came to the aid of many people in need and changed the course of history. The Catholic Church also experienced the most influential people during this time period. Pope John Paul II influencedRead MoreChurch In Asia Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesidentified issues and challenges. The seventh assembly follows up the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for Asia (established in Rome, 1998) and the Apostolic Exhortation Ecclesia in Asia of Pope John Paul II (India, 1999) with a hope to â€Å"enter into the community of Christ’s disciples and to share in his life and mission† at the beginning of the Third Millennium. In 2012, the X-FABC, marking the fortieth anniversary of the FABC, was held in Xuà ¢n Lá »â„¢c, Vietnam with the theme â€Å"FABC at Forty Years